Ram Insurgent air suspension points units the stage for an in depth exploration of this important automotive element. From on a regular basis performance to potential pitfalls, we’ll navigate the intricacies of this method, offering a complete understanding of its operation and customary issues. This journey guarantees to be enlightening, providing actionable insights for each DIY fans {and professional} mechanics.
This complete information covers every part from the elemental workings of the air suspension system, together with its elements and features, to an in depth breakdown of frequent issues, diagnostics, and restore procedures. We’ll discover the causes, signs, and potential options for these points, equipping you with the data to deal with any air suspension downside in your Ram Insurgent. Moreover, we’ll delve into the system’s elements, potential failures, modifications, electrical points, and even discover potential damages and enhancements.
A deep dive, certainly!
Introduction to Ram Insurgent Air Suspension Points
The Ram Insurgent, famend for its rugged styling and highly effective engine, boasts an air suspension system designed to supply a easy and cozy journey, notably over difficult terrains. This method, a complicated mix of expertise and engineering, permits for adjustable journey peak and optimized automobile dealing with. Nevertheless, like several complicated mechanical system, the Ram Insurgent’s air suspension is inclined to sure points.
Understanding these potential issues can assist homeowners proactively deal with them and preserve the automobile’s efficiency.The Ram Insurgent’s air suspension system depends on a community of elements working in concord. These embody air compressors, air traces, shock absorbers, sensors, and valves, all working collectively to regulate the air stress inside the system. Every element performs a crucial position within the system’s performance.
Frequent Parts of the Air Suspension System
The air suspension system incorporates a number of key elements. Air compressors are liable for sustaining the proper air stress inside the system. Air traces facilitate the transportation of compressed air to the air springs. Shock absorbers are crucial in controlling the automobile’s motion, mitigating the affect of uneven surfaces. Sensors monitor the system’s stress and peak, relaying this info to the management module.
Valves regulate the move of air, guaranteeing exact changes to the journey peak.
Typical Functionalities of the Air Suspension System
The air suspension system is designed to supply a snug journey and enhanced automobile dealing with. This method’s key perform is to take care of a constant journey peak, even underneath various masses. The system can regulate the journey peak based mostly on elements like payload, terrain, and driver choice. This performance interprets right into a smoother, extra managed journey. As an illustration, when hauling heavy masses, the air suspension can robotically regulate to take care of stability and stop the automobile from bottoming out.
This function enhances security and reduces put on and tear on the automobile’s elements. Moreover, the system permits drivers to manually regulate the journey peak, providing customized consolation and efficiency.
Examples of Enhanced Driving Expertise
The adjustable journey peak of the air suspension system permits for a customized driving expertise. For instance, drivers can elevate the journey peak for off-road adventures, maximizing floor clearance and offering superior articulation. Conversely, they will decrease the journey peak for improved aerodynamics and a sportier driving really feel. This versatility is a key benefit for homeowners who want each on-road and off-road functionality.
Potential Points with Ram Insurgent Air Suspension
Element | Operate | Potential Subject |
---|---|---|
Air Compressor | Offers compressed air to the system | Failure to interact, low air stress, erratic operation |
Air Strains | Transport compressed air | Leaks, kinks, blockages, injury from impacts |
Shock Absorbers | Management automobile motion | Leaks, injury, inadequate damping |
Sensors | Monitor system stress and peak | Malfunction, inaccurate readings, wiring issues |
Valves | Regulate air move | Malfunction, sticking, incorrect operation |
Frequent Ram Insurgent Air Suspension Issues

The Ram Insurgent’s air suspension, whereas providing a easy journey and customizable peak, is liable to sure points. Understanding these frequent issues can assist homeowners proactively deal with potential points and preserve the automobile’s efficiency. A well-maintained air suspension system ensures the automobile’s journey high quality and longevity.Air suspension techniques, although subtle, aren’t resistant to put on and tear. Numerous elements, from environmental circumstances to driving habits, can contribute to malfunctions.
Recognizing these frequent issues is essential for well timed repairs and preserving the funding in a Ram Insurgent.
Frequent Air Suspension Points
Ram Insurgent homeowners steadily report points associated to air compressor malfunctions, leaks within the air traces or suspension elements, and defective sensors. These issues can vary from minor inconveniences to extra important points, impacting the automobile’s performance and security. A complete understanding of those issues is important for knowledgeable decision-making.
Air Compressor Issues
The air compressor is the guts of the air suspension system. Failures can stem from a wide range of causes, together with electrical points, extreme use, and inside element put on. Signs can embody an absence of responsiveness when adjusting the journey peak, erratic compressor operation (e.g., uncommon noises), or full failure to inflate the suspension. Diagnosing compressor points usually includes checking the compressor’s electrical connections and guaranteeing satisfactory airflow.
Air Line and Element Leaks
Leaks within the air traces or suspension elements are one other frequent downside. These leaks can result in gradual lack of air stress, impacting the journey peak and inflicting a bumpy journey. Causes vary from minor punctures to extra extreme element failures. Indicators of a leak can embody a hissing sound, lowered journey peak, and a noticeable lower in suspension firmness.
An intensive inspection of all air traces and elements, together with the air compressor, is crucial to establish potential leak factors.
Defective Sensors
Defective sensors, which monitor stress and different crucial parameters of the air suspension, can result in erratic habits. These sensors can malfunction as a consequence of inside electrical issues or injury from publicity to excessive temperatures. Signs may embody the automobile not sustaining a set journey peak, inconsistent efficiency when adjusting the journey peak, and even triggering error codes. An expert diagnostic instrument and thorough sensor inspection are important to isolate defective sensors.
Symptom-Based mostly Categorization of Points
Symptom | Trigger | Potential Answer |
---|---|---|
Lowered journey peak | Leaks in air traces/elements, defective compressor, low air stress | Find and restore leaks, verify compressor operation, refill air |
Erratic journey peak adjustment | Defective sensors, electrical points with compressor, clogged air traces | Substitute defective sensors, restore electrical connections, clear air traces |
Uncommon noises (e.g., hissing, grinding) | Leaks, worn-out elements, compressor points | Establish and restore leaks, examine elements for injury, deal with compressor issues |
Failure to inflate/deflate | Defective compressor, electrical points, sensor malfunction | Substitute compressor, restore electrical wiring, substitute defective sensors |
Prognosis and Troubleshooting Ram Insurgent Air Suspension

Getting a deal with in your Ram Insurgent’s air suspension can really feel like navigating a posh system. However with a scientific strategy and the correct instruments, you possibly can diagnose and resolve many frequent points. This part gives a complete information to figuring out and fixing issues together with your air suspension.The air suspension system on a Ram Insurgent, whereas providing a easy journey and customizable peak, may be inclined to some frequent issues.
Correct prognosis and troubleshooting are key to stopping expensive repairs and preserving your truck acting at its finest. Realizing the best way to verify air stress and establish potential causes is essential for sustaining your air suspension’s optimum performance.
Strategies for Diagnosing Air Suspension Issues
Thorough inspection is step one in diagnosing any challenge. Visible inspection can reveal leaks, free connections, or broken elements. Pay attention for uncommon noises throughout operation, akin to hissing or popping sounds. These may point out air leaks or defective valves. Really feel for any uncommon firmness or softness within the suspension’s journey high quality.
A constant distinction in journey peak on one facet in comparison with the opposite may point out a difficulty with the air compressor or an issue within the air spring itself.
Steps for Troubleshooting Frequent Points
A scientific strategy is crucial when troubleshooting air suspension issues. Start by checking the air stress within the system. That is usually neglected, but a easy stress verify can usually pinpoint a leak or different downside. Subsequent, examine the air traces for any seen injury, kinks, or leaks. Look carefully for indicators of injury or corrosion on the air compressor, valves, and suspension elements.
When you suspect a leak, use soapy water to pinpoint the precise location. A leak within the system could cause stress loss and improper performance.
Checking Air Strain Ranges, Ram insurgent air suspension points
Precisely checking air stress is crucial. Use a dependable tire stress gauge particularly designed for air suspension techniques. Make sure the automobile is degree and steady. Seek the advice of your automobile’s proprietor’s guide for the proper air stress specs. Variations in stress from the advisable ranges could point out a difficulty with the system.
Hold a log of your stress readings for comparability sooner or later.
Diagnostic Instruments for Troubleshooting
A complete set of instruments is crucial for efficient prognosis. These embody a dependable tire stress gauge, a stress gauge for the air suspension system, a multimeter, a leak detector (cleaning soap resolution or an expert leak detector), and a visible inspection package. Use a complete visible inspection package to examine for any injury to the air traces or elements.
A multimeter will assist in electrical diagnostics in case you suspect {an electrical} element challenge.
Symptom, Potential Trigger, and Troubleshooting Steps
Symptom | Potential Trigger | Troubleshooting Steps |
---|---|---|
Uneven journey peak | Defective air spring, leak within the system | Examine air springs for injury. Test air traces and connections for leaks. Test air stress ranges. |
Lack of air stress | Leak within the system, defective air compressor | Find the leak utilizing a soapy water resolution. Test the air compressor for correct performance. Test air stress ranges. |
Uncommon noises | Free connections, air leaks | Examine all connections for tightness. Test for air leaks utilizing a soapy water resolution. |
Lowered journey consolation | Low air stress, defective air spring | Test air stress ranges. Examine air springs for injury. |
Restore and Upkeep of Ram Insurgent Air Suspension: Ram Insurgent Air Suspension Points
Holding your Ram Insurgent’s air suspension in tip-top form is essential for a easy journey and prolonged lifespan. Correct upkeep, together with common checks and well timed repairs, ensures optimum efficiency and prevents expensive points down the highway. This part delves into the important procedures for sustaining your air suspension system.Understanding the intricacies of your air suspension system empowers you to proactively deal with potential issues.
This proactive strategy prevents minor points from escalating into main, costlier repairs. This part particulars primary upkeep, element replacements, and preventive measures.
Primary Air Suspension Upkeep
Common inspection is essential to stopping bigger issues. Visible checks for leaks, correct inflation ranges, and strange noises are important. Inspecting for injury, like cracks or tears within the air traces or elements, is a part of routine upkeep.
Changing Worn or Broken Parts
Figuring out and changing worn or broken elements is important for sustaining the air suspension’s integrity. This proactive strategy ensures a snug and secure journey. Changing elements like air springs, compressors, or valves ensures constant efficiency.
Frequent Restore Procedures
Troubleshooting and repairing frequent points is crucial for sustaining the system’s performance. Addressing leaks, stress loss, and management system malfunctions may be executed successfully with the correct instruments and methods.
- Air Spring Substitute: Rigorously take away the outdated air spring, guaranteeing correct alignment of the mounting factors. Set up the brand new air spring, checking for safe connections and correct pressure.
- Compressor Substitute: Disconnect {the electrical} connections and the air traces to the outdated compressor. Rigorously set up the brand new compressor, guaranteeing all connections are safe and the compressor is appropriately aligned.
- Valve Substitute: Disconnect the outdated valve from the air traces. Rigorously set up the brand new valve, guaranteeing correct connections and sealing.
Preventive Upkeep
Proactive upkeep considerably extends the lifetime of your air suspension system. This consists of common inspections, correct inflation, and cautious dealing with of the system to stop untimely put on. Addressing minor points early can save substantial restore prices.
- Common Inspections: Visible inspections for leaks, injury, and strange noises are essential. That is a necessary a part of sustaining the system’s well being.
- Correct Inflation: Sustaining the advisable stress ranges is crucial. Over- or under-inflation could cause untimely put on and tear.
- Avoiding Tough Terrain: Extreme bouncing or jarring on tough terrain can result in accelerated put on on air suspension elements.
Inflating and Deflating the Air Suspension
Realizing the best way to inflate and deflate the air suspension system appropriately is essential. This includes understanding the advisable pressures and procedures to keep away from injury.
- Inflating: Use the correct inflation instrument to take care of the advisable stress ranges to your particular automobile mannequin. Use a stress gauge to make sure accuracy.
- Deflating: Observe the producer’s directions to deflate the air suspension system. This usually includes utilizing the deflation valve.
Upkeep Schedule
A structured upkeep schedule helps maintain your air suspension system in optimum situation. Common upkeep extends the lifetime of the system and reduces the danger of surprising breakdowns.
Process | Process | Instruments Wanted |
---|---|---|
Visible Inspection | Examine all elements for leaks, injury, and strange noises. | Visible inspection, flashlight |
Air Strain Test | Test air stress utilizing a gauge. | Strain gauge |
Element Substitute | Observe producer’s directions. | Acceptable instruments (screwdrivers, wrenches, and so on.) |
Ram Insurgent Air Suspension System Parts
The Ram Insurgent’s air suspension system, a complicated piece of engineering, provides a easy journey and enhanced dealing with. Understanding its intricate elements is essential to appreciating its performance and potential pitfalls. This method, whereas spectacular, is inclined to put on and tear like every other mechanical marvel.The Ram Insurgent air suspension system is a posh interaction of elements working collectively to supply the specified journey peak and stability.
From the compressors to the sensors, every half performs a vital position within the general efficiency of the automobile. Realizing these elements and their roles lets you higher perceive the system’s potential weaknesses and the best way to deal with them proactively.
Air Compressor
The air compressor is the engine driving your entire air suspension system. It is liable for pressurizing the air chambers, enabling the adjustment of journey peak. Failure factors usually contain the compressor motor, the belts, or the general system’s electrical connections. The compressor’s sturdiness relies upon closely on the standard of its development and the driving circumstances it encounters.
It really works tirelessly, responding to indicators from the management module to take care of the specified air stress within the system. A defective compressor can result in uneven journey peak, issue adjusting journey peak, or full system failure.
Air Springs
Air springs are the first parts liable for absorbing shocks and sustaining the automobile’s peak. They’re primarily giant, versatile air chambers that change form based mostly on the air stress inside them. The sturdiness of air springs is extremely depending on the fabric high quality and the frequency of use. Harm can happen as a consequence of punctures or tears from particles or impacts.
These failures manifest as a lack of air stress, resulting in a noticeable drop in journey peak or full lack of suspension perform. A crucial facet is the air spring’s capability to face up to the forces generated throughout numerous driving circumstances.
Management Module
The management module is the brains of the air suspension system. It receives indicators from sensors, processes them, and sends directions to the compressor to regulate air stress and preserve journey peak. Potential failures are associated to electrical elements or software program glitches. The sturdiness of the management module relies upon largely on the standard of its development and the safety it receives from exterior parts.
A malfunctioning management module can result in erratic journey peak changes, lack of journey peak management, or full system malfunction.
Sensors
Sensors are crucial elements within the air suspension system. They detect journey peak and different parameters to supply information to the management module. Sensors are extremely inclined to environmental injury and put on. Sensor failure could cause the management module to supply incorrect indicators to the compressor, resulting in an unstable journey peak. Their sturdiness is immediately linked to their placement within the system and their safety towards highway particles and moisture.
The sensors’ job is to observe the system’s well being and report again to the management module, enabling correct functioning of the system.
Air Strains and Fittings
Air traces and fittings are the circulatory system of the air suspension. They transport compressed air to and from the air springs. The sturdiness of those elements will depend on the standard of the supplies used and the circumstances they’re uncovered to. Potential failure factors are leaks, injury from highway particles, or corrosion. Air leaks may end up in a lack of stress within the air springs, inflicting uneven journey peak or full suspension failure.
These elements are very important for guaranteeing the graceful move of air all through the system.
Desk of Ram Insurgent Air Suspension Parts
Element | Operate | Potential Failure |
---|---|---|
Air Compressor | Pressurizes air chambers for journey peak adjustment. | Motor failure, belt breakage, electrical points. |
Air Springs | Soak up shocks and preserve journey peak. | Punctures, tears, lack of air stress. |
Management Module | Processes sensor information and controls compressor. | Electrical element failure, software program glitches. |
Sensors | Detect journey peak and different parameters. | Environmental injury, put on and tear. |
Air Strains and Fittings | Transport compressed air to and from air springs. | Leaks, injury from particles, corrosion. |
Ram Insurgent Air Suspension System Failures and Damages
The Ram Insurgent’s air suspension system, whereas providing a easy journey, is inclined to varied failures and damages. Understanding the potential points permits homeowners to proactively deal with potential issues, extending the lifetime of their automobile and minimizing expensive repairs. Correct upkeep and consciousness of frequent failure factors are essential.The air suspension system, a posh community of elements, can expertise points stemming from put on and tear, environmental elements, or improper use.
These issues can vary from minor annoyances to important system failures, affecting the automobile’s dealing with and journey high quality. Realizing the potential causes and penalties empowers homeowners to make knowledgeable choices about their automobile’s upkeep.
Causes of Air Suspension System Failures
A number of elements can contribute to air suspension system failures. Poor upkeep practices, akin to neglecting common inspections or ignoring warning indicators, are frequent culprits. Harsh driving circumstances, like frequent off-roading or encountering excessive temperatures, also can pressure the system. Moreover, element failures, akin to compressor points or defective air traces, can result in issues. Lastly, improper set up or modifications can introduce stress factors and weaken the system.
Penalties of Air Suspension System Harm
Harm to the air suspension system may end up in a wide range of points. A typical consequence is a compromised journey high quality, resulting in a bumpy or unstable journey. This could additionally have an effect on dealing with and management, probably making the automobile tougher to maneuver. Additional, system failures can have an effect on the automobile’s stability, resulting in security considerations. Leakages may end up in important air loss, making the automobile sag or lose its supposed journey peak.
Varieties of Harm to the Air Suspension System
Numerous sorts of injury can happen to the air suspension system. These embody leaks within the air traces, compressor failures, and issues with the air suspension valves. Moreover, worn or broken shock absorbers can result in instability, and incorrect settings of the journey peak could cause injury to the system.
Examples of Extreme Harm
One instance of extreme injury is an entire compressor failure, rendering the air suspension system inoperable. This could result in important journey high quality points and security considerations. One other state of affairs includes a number of leaks within the air traces, which may end in substantial air loss and the necessity for speedy restore.
Illustrations of Harm Eventualities
Think about a state of affairs the place a pointy rock punctures a crucial air line, resulting in a sudden lack of air stress and a noticeable drop in journey peak. One other state of affairs includes a broken air suspension valve, inflicting uneven air stress distribution and affecting the automobile’s journey high quality. A closing instance depicts a compressor failing fully, ensuing within the lack of ability to regulate the journey peak or preserve correct air stress.
These examples spotlight the potential for critical injury.
Desk of Ram Insurgent Air Suspension System Failures
Kind of Failure | Trigger | Penalties |
---|---|---|
Compressor Failure | Overheating, electrical points, element put on | Lack of air suspension performance, lack of ability to regulate journey peak, security considerations |
Air Line Leaks | Punctures, corrosion, improper connections | Lack of air stress, uneven journey peak, potential for additional injury |
Valve Malfunction | Mechanical put on, electrical points, particles blockage | Uneven journey peak, improper stress regulation, potential for leaks |
Shock Absorber Failure | Extreme put on, impacts, poor upkeep | Compromised stability, lowered dealing with, uneven journey peak |
Ram Insurgent Air Suspension System Modifications and Enhancements
Tuning your Ram Insurgent’s air suspension for optimum efficiency and aesthetics is a well-liked alternative for a lot of homeowners. From improved journey consolation to a extra aggressive stance, modifications can considerably change the truck’s character. Understanding the choices obtainable, potential impacts, and the set up course of is essential to creating knowledgeable choices.Aftermarket elements and equipment supply a variety of decisions for enhancing your air suspension system.
These modifications may be tailor-made to go well with particular wants and preferences, whether or not it is maximizing off-road functionality or attaining a extra customized aesthetic. Nevertheless, it is vital to weigh the potential advantages towards the drawbacks, and to pay attention to the intricacies of set up.
Aftermarket Elements and Equipment
Quite a few aftermarket corporations supply a wide range of elements for enhancing the Ram Insurgent’s air suspension. These embody upgraded air springs, compressors, and management items. Some corporations concentrate on full air suspension kits, providing a streamlined strategy to modification.
Potential Advantages and Drawbacks of Modifications
Modifications to the air suspension system can present a number of advantages. Enhanced journey high quality, a custom-made look, and improved dealing with are doable outcomes. Nevertheless, modifications also can introduce potential drawbacks. These embody elevated complexity, probably affecting the automobile’s guarantee, and the added price of elements and set up. Correct analysis and planning are essential to mitigate these drawbacks and maximize the advantages.
Frequent Modifications Made to the System
A number of frequent modifications are steadily made to Ram Insurgent air suspension techniques. These modifications embody upgrading to higher-capacity air springs for enhanced load carrying and a extra aggressive stance, becoming efficiency air compressors for faster and extra responsive inflation and deflation, and putting in new management items for improved journey consolation and management.
Set up of Aftermarket Parts
Correct set up of aftermarket elements is crucial for the long-term efficiency and security of the air suspension system. It is strongly advisable to seek the advice of skilled installers or discuss with detailed set up guides offered by the producers of the aftermarket elements. Incorrect set up can result in malfunctions and even security hazards.
Comparability of Modification Choices
Modification Choice | Options | Estimated Value | Potential Drawbacks |
---|---|---|---|
Upgraded Air Springs | Improved load capability, enhanced journey high quality, aggressive stance | $500-$1500 | Potential for lowered journey consolation on tough terrain, elevated air stress upkeep |
Efficiency Air Compressor | Quicker inflation/deflation charges, enhanced responsiveness | $300-$800 | Probably increased energy consumption, elevated noise degree |
Customized Management Unit | Personalised journey settings, enhanced management over suspension | $500-$2000 | Requires specialised data for set up and programming |
Full Air Suspension Package | All-in-one resolution for a big overhaul | $2000-$5000+ | Potential for lowered compatibility with different modifications, extra complicated set up |
Ram Insurgent Air Suspension System Electrical Points
The Ram Insurgent’s air suspension, whereas providing a easy journey, depends closely on a posh electrical system. Understanding this method is essential to sustaining a trouble-free journey. Electrical malfunctions can result in a spread of issues, from minor inconveniences to main suspension failures, impacting each consolation and security.The air suspension system’s electrical elements act because the nervous system, controlling the compressors, valves, and sensors that regulate air stress and thus the journey peak.
These elements talk with the automobile’s pc system, which interprets indicators and adjusts air stress accordingly. A malfunction in any a part of this electrical chain could cause a cascading impact.
Electrical Parts within the System
The system’s electrical community consists of energy distribution modules, management items, sensors, actuators, and wiring harnesses. Every element performs a vital position, guaranteeing the air suspension features appropriately. Energy is delivered to the compressor and different actuators via the wiring harness. Sensors monitor stress and peak, relaying this information again to the management unit. The management unit processes this info, adjusting air stress as wanted.
Malfunctions in any of those elements may end up in suspension efficiency points.
Frequent Electrical Issues
Defective wiring harnesses, corroded connections, malfunctioning sensors, and points with the management unit are among the many most prevalent electrical issues. A failing compressor, though indirectly {an electrical} challenge, may be triggered by electrical issues. As an illustration, a defective relay may forestall the compressor from participating, resulting in improper inflation and probably a harmful drop in journey peak.
Troubleshooting Electrical Points
A scientific strategy to troubleshooting electrical points is essential. First, visually examine the wiring harness for any indicators of injury, akin to cuts, abrasions, or corrosion. Subsequent, verify the connections for tightness and corrosion. Utilizing a multimeter, confirm the voltage readings at numerous factors within the circuit. If readings are outdoors the anticipated vary, it may point out a defective element.
A talented technician with the correct diagnostic instruments is commonly important for complicated circumstances.
Significance of Correct Electrical Connections
Correct electrical connections are crucial for the air suspension system’s dependable operation. Free or corroded connections can result in intermittent issues, leading to a lack of performance. Making certain safe connections and corrosion prevention via correct upkeep will prolong the system’s lifespan. This proactive strategy helps keep away from expensive repairs down the highway.
Impression of Electrical Issues on Suspension Efficiency
Electrical issues can manifest in numerous methods, affecting the air suspension’s efficiency. Intermittent stress management may end up in an uneven journey peak, whereas an entire failure may outcome within the suspension shedding its capability to regulate. Sudden stress drops or surprising journey peak modifications may point out a malfunctioning electrical element or connection.
Troubleshooting Desk
Electrical Subject | Signs | Troubleshooting Steps |
---|---|---|
Defective Wiring Harness | Intermittent suspension operation, erratic journey peak, warning lights | Visually examine for injury, restore or substitute broken sections, verify connections |
Corroded Connections | Suspension operation with clicking noises, fluctuating journey peak, failure to inflate/deflate | Clear connections with applicable cleaner, tighten connections, substitute broken elements |
Malfunctioning Sensor | Inconsistent journey peak, suspension failing to answer instructions, erratic stress readings | Confirm sensor readings with a multimeter, substitute sensor if defective, verify wiring and connections to sensor |
Management Unit Malfunction | Suspension not responding to instructions, random stress modifications, erratic journey peak | Test for error codes, substitute the management unit if needed, verify all wiring and connections to the unit |